Catha For Council Blog

In this second of a three part series we’re going to go over how GPS receivers actually measure distance. A lot of math and science goes into this stuff so sit back and get ready to strain your brain.

At any given time, let’s choose midnight for this example, the satellite begins transmitting a digital pattern called a pseudo-random code. At that same time the GPS receiver begins running that same random pattern. When the satellite’s signal reaches the receiver the pattern transmission will lag a little behind the receivers playing of the same pattern. The length of the delay is equal to the travel time of the signal. The receiver multiplies this time by the speed of light to measure how far the signal actually travelled. We assume the signal travelled in a straight line and this therefore is the distance from receiver to satellite.

In order for this measurement to be able to be made the receiver and the satellite both need clocks that can be synchronized to the nanosecond. In order to make this possible you need atomic clocks, not only in the receiver but in every satellite as well. Atomic clocks cost between $50,000 and $100,000. That makes them a little too expensive for everyday use.

To overcome this cost problem the GPS system has a very clever solution. Every satellite contains an expensive atomic clock but the receiver contains a regular quartz clock which the receiver itself constantly resets. The receiver looks at the incoming signals from four or more of the satellites and compensates for it’s own inaccuracy. Once it calculates the correct time value this will cause all the signals that the receiver is getting from the satellites to align at a single point in space. That is the time value held by the atomic clocks in the satellites themselves. So the receiver sets it’s clock to that time value and therefore has the same time value as all the satellites. Atomic clock accuracy for quartz clock prices. You can’t beat that.

When you measure the distance to four satellites you can draw four spheres that all intersect at one point. Three spheres will intersect even if you’re way off but four spheres will only intersect if you are exactly right. The receiver can calculate the time needed for the spheres to intersect at one point. Based on this it resets it’s clock to match the atomic clocks of the satellites. The receiver does this constantly as long as it is on, which gives it the same accuracy as the atomic clocks in the satellites.

In order for this info to be of any use, the receiver also has to know where the satellites actually are. To do this, the receiver stores an almanac that tells where each satellite is at a given time. Any adjustments that need to be made because of gravitational pull are transmitted to the receivers by the department of the military.

In the last instalment of this series we’ll go over problems with the system, how they can be compensated for and how to use the data itself.

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Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Global Positioning Systems
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Human scientists are looking for ways to build smarter and better Artificial Intelligent Robots to work along their human counterparts as assistants to increase efficiency and task performance. Like R2D2 and C3PO in George Lucas’ famous Star Wars Blockbuster movie. Super smart think tank teams believe that they are on the verge of figuring it all out.

You see if we want Artificial Intelligent (AI) robotic assistants to interface and work along side humans, then we need to give them personality. You see we cannot use only mirroring, that is only a component of life. Mirroring is a common human trait and it is something that Carnegie Mellon has been doing for some time and we also see this with Japanese Robotic Researchers and even those top dogs at MIT. But mirroring alone is not enough, as it gets to the point of aggravation fairly quickly.

We cannot allow the human-computer bonding to be only sustaining such patterns of mirroring, we need to weave into the process, some anomalies which are found in human interaction for the bonding to be sufficient, as the human innate tendency is to mirror the robot too. Let me discuss with you an abstract though along this line of reasoning. You see if every person were the same it would be like the Borg, if every one owned the exact same car folks would not appreciate their cars and if every tree were the same it would be like a fake forest not a real one.

So when we make a replica tree, it cannot ever be an exact replica of any tree ever made, but rather within a realm or two parallel lines or borders of adaptations and each individual tree must be within in those borders and the dots representing the trees must meander within those lines, touching the lines, jotting back and forth or even crossing them. You see that is life. Something that can go outside the boundaries not confined.

The most brilliant minds believe that they can design robotic assistants, which humans will bond too and believe they can figure this out. They are betting on it. By using such an individualistic approach to personalities in AI Robotics; then and only then will the mind see what it really expects, not just a dumb hunk of metal robot. Not a computer game with boundaries, but enough that there appears to be no out of bounds. Then it will more simulate and replicate life without replicable patterns in their entirety.

If not we will give away our simulation or replica, by causing within the mind a brain wave, which causes concern and says. What? It is at that instance we lose. It will be that instance that the friendship or bond between robotic assistants and humans will be broken and mistrust will ensue.

Think tankers think they can beat that and once it is figured out the applications are truly endless. Humans may come to enjoy actually being around replicas, simulations or things other than life, without cause for alarm or damage to their psyche. Many are quite sure of it. Some researchers right now think they know the answer and they have been working on it. Many of the most brilliant human minds think they will develop a perfect system of non-perfect-ness to please humans without being bothersome and thus can make a tree or many trees, which will be cut from the same mold with minor and major anomalies just like life. The systems being used are cute and the mirroring is nice and all that. Without taking anything away from their excellent work, we must admit in the here and now that these characteristics simply are not good enough yet. I seriously hope you have enjoyed our discussion today on Lance Winslow’s iPod Casting; always giving you something to think about. More on this in 2006.

“Lance Winslow” - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs/

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More often than not people can be difficult to purchase adequate presents for, regardless whether they’re your nearest chum or only some a remote acquaintance. That’s where computer shopping and hampers can be very useful. You can select wine hampers for the aficionados or family hampers for your relatives and modify them to suit your specific requirements. This makes certain you get the ideal gift for any celebration hence getting around the requirement to comb thousands of shelves of merchandise. Hanukkah or Christmas, for example, can be one of the best occasions to think of giving one of these enchanting gifts. As a substitute for the traditional cards and writing materials embellished with your company badge, better think about presenting something far more extraordinary to affiliates, associates and VIP clients. This will make your gifts extremely noticeable as compared to the typical gifts they might usually get from others — and the best thing about this is that it will be something they will actually enjoy! You will probably wish to learn what such fancy corporate gift baskets will feature. Well, fine wines, yummy chocolate, select cheese and marmelades to set you dreaming are a small selection of the items you will discover in such a gourmet hamper. Anniversaries and major family events such as bat mitzvahs and baptisms are the choicest occasion to send your kith and kin family hampers. Filled with a collection of their favorite delicacies. Gift baskets can make the usual hassles with festivities run smoother by containing of a few of the bits and pieces needed for the party. These choice goodies can be relished by the recipient of the hamper for a long period after the festivity has finished. You need not worry yourself whenever you gift one of them. As Family Hampers are jam-packed with many luxury items they are sure to delight in it. Thanksgiving is traditionally focused around the meal, so take along a hamper and make celebration go farther, and give the party more impetus. You may order hampers & gift baskets stuffed with all sorts of specialty foods and excellent wines together with decorative items including candles which may round off the party, giving a distinctive quality to the present.

Hampers are excellent presents, easy to buy and can be sent right to the recipient’s house, but still have a huge effect on those you obtain them for. As a matter of fact, hampers and baskets are regularly seen as a favored present owing to the superior luxury articles they will generally contain. One other good thing: these gifts will not deplete your pocket! All you need to do is sit at your computer, browse the stock you are targeting and pack specialty baskets or hampers with wine gifts with dainties and stuff that you can be dead sure they’ll relish!

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One way to pamper yourself is to learn routine techniques to properly care for your skin or enjoy someone else’s skills in helping you to have skin that you not only enjoy but deserve.

Your skin can look and feel beautiful if you make and keep the right alterations in your everyday beauty routine. Follow such easy skin care advice for nice looking skin without spending a lot on it.

Skin Care Tip 1. Skin responds great to exfoliation which helps eliminate dead skin cells. Exfoliation using a dry brush can be done every day, with a better exfoliation being done every week or two.
In addition to improving the appearance of your skin, it also makes your skin more healthy.

You can improve your health in many ways through exercise. It is also great for your skin! You will see a noticeable difference in the appearance and health of your skin with regular exercise.
You should get into the good habit of physical exercise, especially if you have an office job.

Tip #3 for great looking skin - despite the fact that there’s no proven scientific link between diet and skin’s appearance, it’s generally observed that people with fabulous skin also have very healthy diets.

Eating right plays a huge role in keeping your body healthy, although it is not the only contributing factor along with good quality male grooming products.
If you take good care of your skin you will be rewarded. All the make-up in the world can’t give you the same look that you’ll get from a natural, healthy glow.
Stick to skin-care products made with effective natural ingredients, and you can avoid breakouts.

If you want to know the insiders’ greatest tips for caring for your skin, head to our web page - I’ll provide you with the products and methods I use for a beautiful look in very little time.

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In times past, a full part of an insurance underwriter’s work day was spent on the telephone, cold calling potential prospects. Now, insurance marketing for agents includespurchasing filtered leads from insurance lead companies. These websites supply an fast and cost efficient way of gaining new clients.

Sales lead websites operate by matching together users interested in insurance with insurance brokers who are looking to sell them a policy. These websites collect information from each prospect employing a web form, store the information and then sell the insurance sales lead to one or more brokers.

There are plent of distinct insurance lead generation sites, all claiming to have the most targeted insurance leads. How are you supposed to know which insurance lead company to use? You should look for a sales lead company that can regularly supply prospects with prices that can bring a good return on invested capital, a clear billing system and return policy, a means to filter your sales leads and that the sales leads are delivered in real time.

Lead Cost is significant. A cheap insurance sales lead may not provide high quality consumers but a higher priced insurance lead might be too costly to make a net profit

Some insurance sales lead companies try to make you put down a very large deposit before sending you insurance leads. With so many insurance sales lead companies allowing you to start receiving leads with $100 or some that will bill you after you receive leads, there is no reason to deposit too much up front.

Bogus insurance leads are inescapable. Find a lead service with a full refund policy and this shouldn’t be an issue.

Being able to only get the kind of prospect you want is critical. Most insurance leadgen companies offer some sort of filtering power so that you only get sent and are billed for the consumer that is most suitable for your company.

In conclusion, when signing up with an insurance sales lead company, you should browse around and test the waters of several lead generation websites. You may end up finding that a few provide good life insurance sales leads but don’t offer great car insurance sales leads. Signing up with different leadgen websites will permit you to also keep your company protected in case one or more of the lead source’s quality goes down.

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My hair loss treatment journey commenced the day I started to notice my receding hair line and my bald spot getting bigger. The most apparent thing to do was to find ways to comb my hair to hide my bald spot. I started to wear more and more caps on the weekends as I went out with my wife, friends or family. Walking in to work every morning was an embarrassing experience without my hat on. You change the way you think when you are experiencing hair loss. It is so true that you never know what you have until you lose it. That can be accurate about your hair loss.

Having suffered from hair loss, I started to treasure every strand of hair that I had left. It was as if with each string of hair I lost, so was a small percentage of my confidence gone as well. A acquaintance of mine had been suffering the same problem as me. Yet recently he appeared so much more relaxed and I observed that it was as if his hair was growing back. I didn’t wanted to bring it up but after a while I decided to ask. It was then that he recommended to me Advanced Hair Studio. With just a few treatments my friend Jimmy had not only regrown his hair, but his self-assurance as well. I decided to give Advanced Hair a try as after all I had a lot to lose, meaning my hair and self-confidence.

At first, I was a little cynical. But effects were obvious within a few weeks. Not only on my scalp, but in my behavior. I began feeling better about myself and started to lose the caps on the weekends. My wife has also discovered a change in my day to day behaviour as well. It is amazing how just a few consultations to the Advanced Hair Studio had begun to change my life as a whole. I always felt as if the first thing people observed about me was my bald spot. Now, I am not frightened to look people in the eyes again as I have my full set of hair back.

Advance Hair Studio has not only given me back a full set of hair, but a big chunk of my life as well. So, if anyone is suffering from hair loss I highly recommend them. Don’t let baldness take your self-assurance away.

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Many Europeans now embrace the concept of buying a home in a different country. Because these properties offer a good level of capital growth, lower airfares and low European interest rates have made buying in countries like Spain more attractive. Spain has a quick flight time and a great climate, and much potential prosperity. purchasing in Spain may have gotten some bad press recently, but it can be safe if you follow some basic rules. Here is your underlying buyers guide for purchasing real estate in Spain:

• Arrange your finances first.
  Consider using a Spanish mortgage expert like Your Spanish Mortgage to guide you through the process.


• Take expert legal advice before you sign on any dotted lines.
  


• Take care not to reach beyond your financial limits.
• Be ready in case deadlines are extended.
  
• Wait until you have the funding in place before committing yourself to a private purchase contract.
  
• The Spanish purchase process is not the same as it is in the UK and other places
• Make sure you completely comprehend how taxes are incurred depending on the type of ownership status you select If you don?t seek specialist advice

Before making any purchases in Spain, it would be advisable to first approach your lawyer with a series of questions to be answered. There have been many instances where international buyers have been unable to get the results they seek because they didn’t know what questions to ask. Before you sign on any dotted line, then, you should consider the following questions

• Is the property’s land pastoral or urban? What complications can come from buying land that is rustic.


• What costs will need to be taken into account, such as typical attorney’s fees and taxes?


• Are licenses already in place, for instance property contracts or first liens of residency?


• If the property is under a decade old, does it include a 10 year building warranty?


• Is this a result of a foreclosure or direct sale?


• In this specific purchase, will any be under declaration?


• Will further costs be incurred by you such as capital gains, inheritance, income or other taxes?


• Do you need to pay any extra deposits? At which stage of the transaction are they deemed nonrefundable?


• What will have to be paid to an attorney, along with other legal charges?

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As technology continues to develop, the market sees a wide range of server hardening services and solutions available for its consumers. But when it comes to server hardening solutions that offer advanced technologies, finding an impressive one can be difficult. Most of the high-tech services are available at exorbitant prices making them inaccessible to smaller companies.

Enter Hostv.com. The technology provider introduces server hardening at a more affordable price. The company announced the launch of its server hardening solution that optimizes servers in different areas.

The affordable rates that Hostv.com offer for its server hardening solutions have been met with much scepticism. After all, a cheaper cost is almost always equal to substandard services. Mr. Dan of hostv.com claims his company begs to differ. We try not to optimize unwanted areas in the server in order to help clients save a lot of money on the service, he says. He also mentioned the special feature that makes Hostv.com’s product different from all other similar services. ServerGuard is a server hosting solution that works to optimize only the much needed areas of a server, he explains. Once it is done optimizing, functions move over to security. The product provides optimum server security through server hardening.

Mr. Dan also announced that the company now has the most advanced VPS hosting available for their clients. This high technology is also available at relatively affordable prices so even small businesses can take advantage of the service. The said VPS servers are going to come with a variety of software and tools that are designed to run even the most advanced of websites, he claims.

More on this upcoming project will be announced in the coming months. For now, Mr. Dan concludes, Hostv.com will continue to provide advanced technologies to its clients without hurting their operating budget.

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There is only a few of locations that lets you relish Scotland’s appeal and taste aside from Glasgow. With a population of 620,000 people situated in sixty-eight square miles of west central Scotland along the banks of the River Clyde, the city takes much of the lower Clyde Valley incorporating suburban areas with an overall population of 1.4 million people which cover into close zones. It is best to stay in one of the hotels in Glasgow to amply savor the city.

If shopping is your affair, you’ve come to the exact location. Glasgow’s reputation for retail shopping is well deserved - and, whatever befits your fancy, you can find it here. Buchanan Street, Buchanan Galleries, Argyle Street and St Enoch Centre are filled of the big high street names. Princes Square, the Italian Centre and the Merchant City have a more innovation-oriented offering. And for something a little bit unique, come out into the West End. Byres Road and immediate streets provide an selective combination of the new and the antiquated - ideal for a different gift or a slow afternoon’s strolling. These stores are at a delightful access from the many hotels in Glasgow.

Glasgow’s cosmopolitan nature is infused in the city’s ancestry. Glasgow’s international popularity for merchant vessels and industry brought considerable wealth to the city, as can be seen from exquisite architecture - a rich tapestry of trends and influences, with Victorian sandstone rubbing shoulders with gothic steeples, and classical structures along with current structures.

Unsurprisingly, a number of the city’s museums observe Glasgow’s architectural heritage or the cultural wealth accumulated during the shipping heyday. The Museum of Transport, The Burrell Collection, Glasgow School of Art (and the city’s some other Macintosh valuables) and Kelvingrove art gallery and museum contrast nicely with the more contemporary: The Lighthouse, Gallery of Modern Art and the Science Museum. Hotels in Glasgow would be do tour engagements for you to these buildings.

Forget those dirty gossips - Glasgow extends a wealth of unique cuisines, to accommodate a range of various budgets. From award-winning restaurants to noodle bars, bras to antiquated tea rooms, it would not be a surprise if you find yourself to can’t seem to make up your mind where to go.

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